Removal the uterus with surgery is called hysterectomy. It is a procedure bounded by controversies and for a good cause. Next to caesarian, this is the second most common surgery being undertaken.

Removing the complete uterus together with the cervix is called as total hysterectomy. Removal of only the top body of the uterus and leaving the cervix in its place connected to the peak of vagina is called as subtotal hysterectomy. The cervix has to be removed if the hysterectomy is undertaken due to the cervical cancer and thus total hysterectomy has to be performed. The same is the case for uterine cancer as the cancer may stretch through out the body to the uterus that includes cervix.

On the other hand, the woman has got a choice either to keep the cervix or to remove the same when hysterectomy is done because of the fibroids in the uterine, unusual bleeding or pelvic pain. Some of the women feel that they will have decreased pleasure in the sex when the cervix is taken out and some of them do not consider this as a division of their sexual pleasure.

There is a doubt which prevails among all the women is whether the ovaries need to be removed if hysterectomy is done. The opinion differs and the solution is that there is no need to remove the ovary when hysterectomy is suggested.

When the ovaries are retained after hysterectomy, the danger of getting the ovarian cancer is on the decreasing side. The reason for the same is vague and the assumption is that the way for the probable carcinogens from the vagina to the ovaries is broken up when the uterus is taken away. The advantage of removing the ovaries for the prevention of the ovarian cancer has been gaudy in the medical history and hence the same is misunderstood by many of the physicians.

It is a notable factor that the long hormones are produced by the ovaries after the menopause. Estrogen is continued to get produced in small quantities, approximately 25% of the usual level of pre-menopausal. The blood quantity of the estrogen in some of the women experiencing post menopausal is the same to the quantity attained by the less dose of estrogen patches utilized for replacement of estrogen in the menopause. Studies also reveal that the bone loss is less in those women who got ovaries than those women who have removed their ovaries. It is also revealed that the rate of heart disease is more on the women who have removed their ovaries and have not taken estrogen as replacement than those women who still possess ovaries.

There are some situations where the women would like to remove their ovaries during hysterectomy. When the ovaries are affected by the endometriosis or when a woman has serious endometriosis and pelvic pain, it is better for her to remove the ovaries that will give her a big relief from the pain than if the ovaries are not taken out. Ruthless adhesions or the scar tissue surrounding the ovaries will also create continuous pelvic pain.

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